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economic difficulties

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  • Economic Affairs — ▪ 2006 Introduction In 2005 rising U.S. deficits, tight monetary policies, and higher oil prices triggered by hurricane damage in the Gulf of Mexico were moderating influences on the world economy and on U.S. stock markets, but some other… …   Universalium

  • economic planning — Use of government to make economic decisions with respect to the use of resources. In communist countries with a state planning apparatus, detailed and rigid planning results in a command economy; land, capital, and the means of production are… …   Universalium

  • Economic history of Brazil — The economic history of Brazil covers various economic events and traces the changes in the Brazilian economy over the course of the history of Brazil. Portugal, which first colonized the area in the 16th century, enforced a colonial pact with… …   Wikipedia

  • Economic history of Turkey — This article details the economic history of the Republic of Turkey. Ataturk Period, 1923 1938At the time of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire (see Economy of the Ottoman Empire) during World War I, the Turkish economy was underdeveloped:… …   Wikipedia

  • Economic reform in the People's Republic of China — The Chinese economic reform (zh stp|s=改革开放|t=改革開放|p=Găigé kāifàng) refers to the program of economic reforms called Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the People s Republic of China (PRC) that were started in 1978 by pragmatists within the …   Wikipedia

  • Economic reforms in India — is something which is under close study. The phrase is commonly used to describe post 1991 events. The country however has seen a number of distinct eras, which had definite differences from the economic practices of the previous eras. In a sense …   Wikipedia

  • Economic democracy — is a socioeconomic philosophy that suggests a shift in decision making power from a small minority of corporate shareholders to a larger majority of public stakeholders. There is no single definition or approach for economic democracy, but most… …   Wikipedia

  • Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 — Economic Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 (also referred to as The Paris Manuscripts ) are a series of notes written between April and August 1844 by Karl Marx. Not published by Marx during his lifetime, they were first released in 1932 by… …   Wikipedia

  • economic development — Process whereby simple, low income national economies are transformed into modern industrial economies. Theories of economic development the evolution of poor countries dependent on agriculture or resource extraction into prosperous countries… …   Universalium

  • ECONOMIC HISTORY — This article is arranged according to the following outline: first temple period exile and restoration second temple period talmudic era muslim middle ages medieval christendom economic doctrines early modern period sephardim and ashkenazim… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • economic systems — Introduction       the way in which humankind has arranged for its material provisioning. One would think that there would be a great variety of such systems, corresponding to the many cultural arrangements that have characterized human society.… …   Universalium

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